Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Treatment of Polymers Enables Reagent-Free Covalent Attachment of Biomolecules for Bioprinting
3D bioprinting, where cells, hydrogels and structural polymers can be printed layer by layer into complex designs, holds great promise for advances in medicine and the biomedical sciences. In principle, this technique enables the creation of highly patient specific disease models and biomedical implants.
However, an ability to tailor surface biocompatibility and interfacial bonding between printed components, such as polymers and hydrogels, is currently lacking. Here we demonstrate that an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) can locally activate polymeric surfaces for the reagent-free covalent attachment of proteins and hydrogel in a single-step process at desired locations.
Polyethylene and poly--caprolactone (PCL) were used as example polymers. Covalent attachment of the proteins and hydrogel was demonstrated by resistance to removal by rigorous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) washing. The immobilized protein and hydrogel layers were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Importantly, the APPJ surface activation also rendered the polymer surfaces mildly hydrophilic as required for optimum biocompatibility.
Water contact angles were observed to be stable within a range where the conformation of biomolecules is preserved. Single and double electrode designs of APPJs were compared in their characteristics relevant to localized surface functionalization, plume length and shape. As a proof of efficacy in a biological context, APPJ treated polyethylene functionalized with fibronectin was used to demonstrate improvements in cell adhesion and proliferation.
These results have important implications for the development of a new generation of 3D bioprinters capable of spatially patterned and tailored surface functionalization performed during the 3D printing process in situ.
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DNA Polymerase |
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ABF5235 | Lifescience Market | 100 ug | EUR 525.6 |
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HotStart PCR Master mix (2X, Green Dye) |
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one-Fusion DNA Polymerase (high-speed-fidelity PCR) |
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10-101 | Sceti | 20ug | EUR 465.6 |
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Taq DNA polymerase |
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BT10101 | Bioatlas | 500U | EUR 96 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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N101-01 | Vazyme | 2000 U | EUR 278.4 |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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L7051001 | Biochain | 1000 unit | EUR 234 |
Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol. |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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G498 | ABM | 250 U (50 ul) | EUR 104.4 |
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P401-d1 | Vazyme | 250 U | EUR 163.2 |
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Improved HPLC Conditions to Determine Eumelanin and Pheomelanin Contents in Biological Samples Using an Ion Pair Reagent
Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation (AHPO) of eumelanin and pheomelanin, two major classes of melanin pigments, affords pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA), pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) and pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (PTeCA) from eumelanin and thiazole-2,4,5-tricarboxylic acid (TTCA) and thiazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (TDCA) from pheomelanin. Quantification of these five markers by HPLC provides useful information on the quantity and structural diversity of melanins in various biological samples.
HPLC analysis of these markers using the original method of 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 2.1):methanol = 99:1 (85:15 for PTeCA) on a reversed-phase column had some problems, including the short lifetime of the column and, except for the major eumelanin marker PTCA, other markers were occasionally overlapped by interfering peaks in samples containing only trace levels of these markers.
These problems can be overcome by the addition of an ion pair reagent for anions, such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (1 mM), to retard the elution of di-, tri- and tetra-carboxylic acids.
The methanol concentration was increased to 17% (30% for PTeCA) and the linearity, reproducibility, and recovery of the markers with this improved method is good to excellent. This improved HPLC method was compared to the original method using synthetic melanins, mouse hair, human hair, and human epidermal samples. In addition to PTCA, TTCA, a major marker for pheomelanin, showed excellent correlations between both HPLC methods.
The other markers showed an attenuation of the interfering peaks with the improved method. We recommend this improved HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of melanin markers following AHPO because of its simplicity, accuracy, and reproducibility.
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abx073522-750U | Abbexa | 750 U | EUR 393.6 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (PCR) |
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G008 | ABM | 5000 U (1.0 ml) | EUR 246 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (PCR) |
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G009 | ABM | 1000 U (200 ul) | EUR 104.4 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (PCR) |
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G126 | ABM | 10000 U (2 x 1.0 ml) | EUR 370.8 |
Taq Plus DNA Polymerase, 5u/ul |
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D0090 | Bio Basic | 200U | EUR 94.8 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Mg2+ plus Buffer) |
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P101-01 | Vazyme | 1000 U | EUR 145.2 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Mg2+ plus Buffer) |
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P101-02 | Vazyme | 5000 U | EUR 231.6 |
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P101-03 | Vazyme | 10000 U | EUR 314.4 |
Recombinant (E.Coli) Taq Plus DNA Polymerase |
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RP-395 | Alpha Diagnostics | 250 U | EUR 196.8 |
Maximo DFS-Plus Taq DNA Polymerase DNA-free |
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N140 | GeneOn | 500 units | EUR 60 |
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HotStart Taq DNA Polymerase (Mg2+ Plus Buffer) |
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RK20601 | Abclonal | 25 U | Ask for price |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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BA00103 | Cusabio | 500U | EUR 104.4 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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BA00104 | Bioatlas | 1000U | EUR 147.6 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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BA00105 | Bioatlas | 2500U | EUR 278.4 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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BT10101 | Bioatlas | 500U | EUR 96 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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BT10102 | Bioatlas | 1000U | EUR 130.8 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
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BT10103 | Bioatlas | 2000U | EUR 200.4 |
Description: High quality Taq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications. |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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L7051001 | Biochain | 1000 unit | EUR 234 |
Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol. |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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L7051200 | Biochain | 200 unit | EUR 104.4 |
Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol. |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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9001-2500 | Biovision | each | EUR 614.4 |
Taq DNA Polymerase |
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9001-500 | Biovision | each | EUR 229.2 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Mg2+ plus Buffer, with dNTP) |
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P101-d1 | Vazyme | 1000 U | EUR 163.2 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Mg2+ plus Buffer, with dNTP) |
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P101-d2 | Vazyme | 5000 U | EUR 320.4 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Mg2+ plus Buffer, with dNTP) |
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P101-d3 | Vazyme | 10000 U | EUR 490.8 |
Recombinant Taq DNA Polymerase |
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7-03634 | CHI Scientific | 1,000U | Ask for price |
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7-03635 | CHI Scientific | 3,000U | Ask for price |
Recombinant Taq DNA Polymerase |
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7-03636 | CHI Scientific | 10,000U | Ask for price |
Taq DNA polymerase (+dNTPs) |
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02-001 | Sceti | 200U | EUR 183.6 |
Description: The Taq DNA polymerase (+dNTPs) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur. |
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02-001-5 | Sceti | 5×200U | EUR 308.4 |
Description: The Taq DNA polymerase (+dNTPs) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur. |
Taq DNA polymerase (-dNTPs) |
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02-011 | Sceti | 200U | EUR 168 |
Description: The Taq DNA polymerase (-dNTPs) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur. |
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02-011-5 | Sceti | 5×200U | EUR 261.6 |
Description: The Taq DNA polymerase (-dNTPs) is available in Europe and for worldwide shipping via Gentaur. |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Recombinant) |
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abx073521-10000U | Abbexa | 10000 U | EUR 710.4 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Recombinant) |
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abx073521-1000U | Abbexa | 1000 U | EUR 276 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (Recombinant) |
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abx073521-3000U | Abbexa | 3000 U | EUR 393.6 |
Taq DNA Polymerase (500U) |
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9K-001-0001 | Bio Basic | 500U | EUR 209.29 |
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9K-001-0002 | Bio Basic | 3000U | EUR 582 |
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9K-001-0033 | Bio Basic | 6000U | EUR 1234.5 |
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9K-001-0035 | Bio Basic | 1000U | EUR 418.62 |
Champagne Taq DNA Polymerase |
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P122-d1 | Vazyme | 500 U (2.5 U/μl) | EUR 212.4 |
Champagne Taq DNA Polymerase |
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P122-d2 | Vazyme | 500 U (5 U/μl) | EUR 212.4 |
Champagne Taq DNA Polymerase |
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P122-d3 | Vazyme | 500 U (10 U/μl) | EUR 212.4 |
Hotstart Taq DNA Polymerase |
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L7052001 | Biochain | 1000 units | EUR 681.6 |
Description: Premade ready to use kits will always come in handy. Get your experiment done right form the first try by using a validated kit with perfectly balanced reagents proportions and compatibility and by following a clear protocol. |
Hotstart Taq DNA Polymerase |
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L7052250 | Biochain | 250 units | EUR 234 |
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Maximo Taq DNA Polymerase |
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S101 | GeneOn | 500 units | EUR 55.2 |
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S102 | GeneOn | 5x500 units | EUR 128.4 |
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Taq DNA Polymerase, 5units/㎕ |
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T2200-050 | GenDepot | 500units | EUR 157.2 |
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T2200-100 | GenDepot | 2x500 units | EUR 230.4 |
Taq DNA Polymerase, 5units/㎕ |
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T2200-200 | GenDepot | 4x500 units | EUR 375.6 |
Recombinant Taq Dna Polymerase |
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27079804 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 99.18 |
Recombinant Taq Dna Polymerase |
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27079806 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 539.22 |
2X PCR Taq Plus MasterMix |
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G014 | ABM | 5.0 ml (200 Rxns) | EUR 127.2 |
2X PCR Taq Plus MasterMix |
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G901 | ABM | 25.0 ml (1000 Rxns) | EUR 358.8 |
Taq DNA Polymerase - 5,000 units |
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3245 | Intact Genomics | 1/EA | EUR 620.4 |
Anti-Taq DNA Polymerase Antibody |
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48369-100ul | SAB | 100ul | EUR 399.6 |
Anti-Taq DNA Polymerase Antibody |
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48369-50ul | SAB | 50ul | EUR 286.8 |
Fast-Taq DNA Polymerase (500U) |
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9K-001-0036 | Bio Basic | 500U | EUR 420.65 |
Taq DNA Polymerase, 5u/ul |
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B0089(D0089) | Bio Basic | 5X200U | EUR 112.2 |
YEA taq DNA Polymerase wiodNTP |
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FYT011-500U | Yeastern Biotech | 500U | Ask for price |
Genorise® Taq DNA Polymerase |
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GR108007 | Genorise Scientific | 200 tests | EUR 276 |
Recombinant (E.Coli) Taq DNA Polymerase |
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RP-394 | Alpha Diagnostics | 1000 IU | EUR 196.8 |
Taq DNA Polymerase Polyclonal Antibody |
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7018-100 | Biovision | each | EUR 424.8 |
Taq DNA Polymerase Polyclonal Antibody |
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7018-30T | Biovision | each | EUR 175.2 |
ACTaq? Taq DNA Polymerase, 1000U |
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E2100-1000U | ACTGene | each | EUR 260.4 |
ACTaq? Taq DNA Polymerase, 250U |
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E2100-250U | ACTGene | each | EUR 122.4 |
Taq Plus DNA Polmerase (with dNTP) |
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P201-d1 | Vazyme | 250 U | EUR 151.2 |
Taq Plus DNA Polmerase (with dNTP) |
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P201-d2 | Vazyme | 1000 U | EUR 231.6 |
Taq Plus DNA Polmerase (with dNTP) |
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P201-d3 | Vazyme | 3000 U | EUR 424.8 |
Taq DNA polymerase (TQ21) , DNA Aptamer, Biotinylated |
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AD-146-B | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
Taq DNA polymerase (TQ21) , DNA Aptamer, unlabeled |
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AD-146-U | Alpha Diagnostics | Custom | Ask for price |
KD Plus DNA Polymerase Enzyme |
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abx071022-100U | Abbexa | 100 U | EUR 292.8 |
KD Plus DNA Polymerase Enzyme |
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abx071022-1200U | Abbexa | 1200 U | EUR 1078.8 |
KD Plus DNA Polymerase Enzyme |
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abx071022-200U | Abbexa | 200 U | EUR 376.8 |
Maximo H-SPlus Taq DNA Polymerase (for Hot-Start PCR) |
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S400 | GeneOn | 200 units | EUR 86.4 |
Maximo H-SPlus Taq DNA Polymerase (for Hot-Start PCR) |
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S410 | GeneOn | 1000 units | EUR 231.6 |
Cheetah Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase |
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29050 | Biotium | 500EU | EUR 355.2 |
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 500EU |
Taq DNA Polymerase, 5 units/µl |
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ABP-PP-ERTQ001 | Allele Biotech | 1000U | Ask for price |
Taq DNA Polymerase, 5 units/µl |
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ABP-PP-ERTQ100 | Allele Biotech | 100U | Ask for price |
Taq DNA Polymerase, 5 units/µl |
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ABP-PP-ERTQ200 | Allele Biotech | 200U | Ask for price |
Taq DNA Polymerase, 5 units/µl |
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ABP-PP-ERTQ500 | Allele Biotech | 500U | Ask for price |
Anti-Taq DNA Polymerase Conjugated Antibody |
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C48369 | SAB | 100ul | EUR 476.4 |
amfiSure Hot-Start Taq DNA Polymerase |
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P0322-010 | GenDepot | 100 units | EUR 176.4 |